Background: Undergraduates' collective epistemic agency is critical for their productive collaborative inquiry and knowledge building (KB). However, fostering undergraduates' collective epistemic agency is challenging. Studies have demonstrated the potential of computer-supported collaborative inquiry approaches, such as KB--the focus of this…

Background: Online collaboration tools have been identified as potentially effective means for enhancing student learning, motivation, and engagement in science education. However, their effectiveness in improving science education outcomes among middle school students remains uncertain. Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the impact of…

Background: Augmented reality has been widely applied in various fields, and its benefits in language learning have been increasingly recognized. However, the investigation of effective learning behaviours and processes in augmented reality learning environments, taking into account temporality and analysis of differences in learning behaviours…

Background: The use of crowdsourcing in a pedagogically supported form to partner with learners in developing novel content is emerging as a viable approach for engaging students in higher-order learning at scale. However, how students behave in this form of crowdsourcing, referred to as learnersourcing, is still insufficiently explored.…

Background: Select and enact appropriate learning tactics that advance learning has been considered a critical set of skills to successfully complete highly flexible online courses, such as Massive open online courses (MOOCs). However, limited by analytic methods that have been used in the past, such as frequency distribution, sequence mining and…

Background: Online collaborative learning has been widely adopted in the field of education. However, learners often find it difficult to engage in collaboratively building knowledge and jointly regulating online collaborative learning. Objectives: The study compared the impacts of the three learning approaches on collaborative knowledge building,…

Background: It is vital to understand students' Self-Regulatory Learning (SRL) processes, especially in Blended Learning (BL), when students need to be more autonomous in their learning process. In studying SRL, most researchers have followed a variable-oriented approach. Moreover, little has been known about the unfolding process of students' SRL…

Background: Failure to effectively organize and manage learning time is an important factor influencing online learners' performance. Investigation of time-investment patterns for online learning will provide educators with useful knowledge of how learners engage in and regulate their online learning and support them in tailoring online course…

Background: Recent research has demonstrated the potential of mobile-assisted learning to enhance learners' learning outcomes. In contrast, the learning processes in this regard are much less explored using eye tracking technology. Objective: This systematic review study aims to synthesise the relevant work to reflect the current state of eye…

Background: Both socially regulated learning and cognitive quality are important factors affecting collaborative knowledge building, but the current research lacks a joint quantified evaluation method that combines these two aspects. Objectives: Based on the existing framework, we proposed a joint evaluation method for regulated learning and…

Background: Feedback as one of the most influential factors for learning has been subject to a great body of research. It plays a key role in the development of educational technology systems and is traditionally rooted in deterministic feedback defined by experts and their experience. However, with the rise of generative AI and especially large…

Background: The COVID-19 has accelerated the transition to blended learning (BL) in higher education, prompting a need for further investigation into the efficacy of self-regulated learning strategies (SRLS) in these new educational environments. Objective: The primary goal of this research is to assess the effectiveness of SRLS in BL in higher…

Background: The surge of online platforms has generated interest in how specialized platforms support formal and informal learning in various disciplinary domains. Knowledge is still limited regarding how undergraduate students navigate and use platforms to learn. Objectives: This study explores computer and software engineering students' learning…

Background: In example-based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self-explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self-explanations. While static text-based examples can…

Background: Despite the many advantages of flipped learning, it is challenging for educators to ensure that students complete the pre-class learning assignments before the in-class session. Objectives: Using a learning analytics approach, this study analysed students' pre-class video-watching behaviour in flipped learning with a focus on learners'…