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Kristy L. Armitage; Sam J. Gilbert – Child Development Perspectives, 2025
Humans routinely use external thinking tools, like pencil and paper, maps, and calculators, to solve cognitive problems that would have once been solved internally. As many youth face unprecedented exposure to increasingly capable technological aids, there is a growing pressure to understand children's cognitive offloading capacities and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Ability, Children, Problem Solving
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Julius Meier; Peter Hesse; Stephan Abele; Alexander Renkl; Inga Glogger-Frey – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2024
Self-explanation prompts in example-based learning are usually directed backwards: Learners are required to self-explain problem-solving steps just presented ("retrospective" prompts). However, it might also help to self-explain upcoming steps ("anticipatory" prompts). The effects of the prompt type may differ for learners with…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Problem Solving, Prompting, Models
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Hsing, Hsiang-Wen; Bairaktarova, Diana; Lau, Nathan – Journal of Engineering Education, 2023
Background: Spatial problem-solving is an essential skill for success in many engineering disciplines; thus, understanding the cognitive processes involved could help inform the design of training interventions for students trying to improve this skill. Prior research has yet to investigate the differences in cognitive processes between spatial…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Cognitive Processes, Problem Solving, Engineering Education
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Kim, Kyung; Tawfik, Andrew A. – Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 2023
STEM Problem solving necessitates a substantial amount of specialized domain knowledge. An important element of problem-solving within the domain includes how knowledge is structured and organized in memory to facilitate efficient retrieval of relevant information and future problem solving. In previous studies, however, problem solving and…
Descriptors: STEM Education, Problem Solving, Cooperative Learning, Success
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Lonneke Boels; Arthur Bakker; Wim Van Dooren; Paul Drijvers – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2025
Many students persistently misinterpret histograms. This calls for closer inspection of students' strategies when interpreting histograms and case-value plots (which look similar but are different). Using students' gaze data, we ask: "How and how well do upper secondary pre-university school students estimate and compare arithmetic means of…
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Learning Strategies, Data Interpretation, Graphs
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Schukajlow, Stanislaw; Kaiser, Gabriele; Stillman, Gloria – Mathematical Thinking and Learning: An International Journal, 2023
Mathematical modeling and applications are an important part of curriculum and considered to be important for students' current and future lives. In this contribution, we focus on mathematical modeling from a cognitive prospective. Following embedding the cognitive perspective within the discourse of mathematical modeling, we describe some of the…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Metacognition, Mathematical Models, Learning Activities
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Armitage, Kristy L.; Redshaw, Jonathan – Child Development, 2022
Ninety-seven children aged 4-11 (49 males, 48 females, mostly White) were given the opportunity to improve their problem-solving performance by devising and implementing a novel cognitive offloading strategy. Across two phases, they searched for hidden rewards using maps that were either aligned or misaligned with the search space. In the second…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Style, Cognitive Processes, Problem Solving
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Julius Moritz Meier; Peter Hesse; Stephan Abele; Alexander Renkl; Inga Glogger-Frey – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2024
Background: In example-based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self-explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self-explanations. While static text-based examples can…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Models, Cues, Problem Solving
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Traga Philippakos, Zoi A.; Wilson, Hailey Mathison; Picerno, Karen – Educational Practice and Theory, 2021
Problem solving requires the application of critical reading and thinking skills and the use of relevant strategies to reach a solution. Independent learners are able to apply taught strategies across contexts and often complete challenging tasks unassisted. The purpose of this paper is to explain how a process of analysis of assignments and…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Goal Orientation, Critical Thinking, Cognitive Processes
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Gjerde, Vegard; Paulsen, Vegard Havre; Holst, Bodil; Kolstø, Stein Dankert – Physical Review Physics Education Research, 2022
Self-explanation, a learning strategy where students explain to themselves the steps taken in a worked example, is an effective learning strategy in early cognitive skill acquisition. However, many physics students produce self-explanations of low quality. There is also a lack of guidelines for what students should seek to explain when studying…
Descriptors: Problem Solving, Physics, Recall (Psychology), Learning Strategies
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Pingping Zhao; Chun-Yen Chang; Yueyang Shao; Zhi Liu; Hao Zhou; Jian Liu – Journal of Baltic Science Education, 2023
Students' problem-solving strategies and the differences among strategy groups were explored by analyzing the process data collected during student interactions with computer-based science items. Data were gathered from 1516 eleventh-grade students from 4 schools in China. Analyses of the sequences of students' response actions revealed that the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Problem Solving, Learning Strategies, Science Instruction
Jum'ah, Laith – ProQuest LLC, 2023
Epistemic beliefs, epistemic cognitions, and self-regulation processes have a significant role in students' learning. Through this study, I investigated the role of mechanical engineering students' epistemic beliefs and epistemic cognitions involved in self-regulation processes while working on tasks with different difficulty levels. In this…
Descriptors: Epistemology, Cognitive Processes, Beliefs, Difficulty Level
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Shaw, Stacy T.; Pogossian, Anahit A.; Ramirez, Gerardo – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2020
Background: Traditional math instruction that emphasizes procedures and rote memorization is common in math classes, particularly within the United States. Students may be able to perform steps and recite information, but flexible thinking in math is also an important ability. Lay theories assume that extensive experience in math would lead to…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Mathematics Skills, Cognitive Processes, Problem Solving
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Rumack, Aaron M. – Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12, 2021
Reading mathematics problems can frustrate students to the point of shutting down. Although Pólya's four-step plan is a well-known problem-solving framework, the author's students benefited from a more concrete and detailed approach: chunking the reading. In this article, the author describes an approach to problem solving used with eighth-grade…
Descriptors: Word Problems (Mathematics), Content Area Reading, Cognitive Processes, Problem Solving
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Kuan-Fu Chen; Gwo-Jen Hwang; Mei-Rong Alice Chen – Educational Technology Research and Development, 2024
Many studies have incorporated concept maps into digital games to enable learners to make connections between subject concepts in the game. However, most learners do not associate spontaneously with the thematic concepts in the game but need to be facilitated by effective scaffolding mechanisms to reconceptualize the learning process and content.…
Descriptors: Concept Mapping, Game Based Learning, Learning Strategies, Grade 7
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