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Direct linkKozo Yanagawa – Language Awareness, 2024
This study examined the effects of bottom-up instruction (BI) on a high-stakes listening test for second language (L2) listeners and compared these effects with those of strategy instruction (SI) in relation to their proficiency levels. Two intact classes (48 L2 listeners) of different L2 listening proficiency levels received five weeks of BI and…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Metalinguistics, Listening Comprehension Tests
McNamara, Thomas C. – 1990
An attempt was made to develop self-directedness in students through teaching them how to write questions in multiple-choice format, and by making students aware that phrasing things in multiple-choice format is a way of asking questions that is conducive to developing thinking, writing, and test-taking skills. The study, a form of reflective…
Descriptors: Cognitive Style, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Grade 2
