The purpose of this study is to analyze in depth the relevance of Vygotsky's constructivism learning theory in differentiated learning in elementary schools. Differentiated learning is an effort to adapt the learning process in the classroom to meet the learning needs of each individual. This adjustment is made by considering the interests,…

ICAP is a framework that classifies learning processes based on students' explicit behaviors. The framework is developed for testing the hypothesis that interactive exercises are better than constructive exercises, and active exercises are better than the passive exercises for higher cognitive engagement and better learning outcomes. The ICAP…

The modification of the ACEP cycle is a pedagogical strategy consisting of four components: (A) Activities. (C) Classroom discussion. (E) Exercises. (P) Performance. The application of ACEP cycle modifications is used as a strategy to improve writing skills. This is the primary focus to consider in improving writing skills. The purpose of this…

Spatial thinking has roles to facilitate learners to remember, understand, reason, and communicate objects and the connections among objects that are represented in space. This research aims to analyze the spatial thinking process of students in constructing new knowledge seen from the field-independent cognitive style learners based on…

Technology can be directed to provide effective and productive pedagogy in the English language classroom. One of these fairly recent technological platforms for English language teaching and learning is the mobile phone. Also known as m-learning, it offers valuable opportunities for educators to create effective teaching strategies through the…

Lesson study has been implemented in Indonesian classrooms since more than a decade ago, and it is seen as a means to improve teacher knowledge. This study aims to investigate secondary English teachers' opinions about lesson study in relation to their knowledge development viewed from the lens of Social Cultural Theory of Vygotsky. Using a…

This research aims to produce a Learning Trajectory Based Instruction (LTBI) that can help the ninth grade students understand the concept of congruence of the two-dimensional shape by examining Lawang Sewu as one of Central Java historical buildings. LTBI is defined as a teaching and learning trajectory that uses Hypothetical Learning Trajectory…

The significance of feedback in the learning process, including that in second language (L2) writing pedagogy has been widely recognized. Many studies investigating the effect of feedback on students' writing have indicated that the feedback process helps students improve their writing quality. However, few studies exist that focus on how the…

The research has shown a model of learning activities that can be used to stimulate reflective abstraction in students. Reflective abstraction as a method of constructing knowledge in the Action-Process-Object-Schema theory, and is expected to occur when students are in learning activities, will be able to encourage students to make the process of…