According to Peirce, diagrammatic constructions are represented by words in a sentence, an algebraic formula, or a graphic display. They are the basis of all valid reasoning and provide significant means for discovering unexpected truths. Sources and uses of diagrams in education are discussed in relation to Peirce's ideas. Nineteen references are…

Judd's studies on generalization in student learning, commitment to an empirical knowledge base for teaching and learning, influence on educational and public policy, and his redoubtable teaching style are among the topics covered in this reminiscence by one of Judd's former doctoral students at University of Chicago (1926-27). (IAH)

A brief review of some of the classic studies on thinking ability and thought processes, outlining five principles for the teaching of thinking. (SJL)

A summary is given of 20 years of research on learning intellectual skills, with emphasis on Australian contributions. The review covers historical development of the research, learning hierarchies, shifts in experimental paradigm in investigating teaching methods, methods for studying cognitive structure, and suggestions for research. (MSE)

Discusses research on affective issues as it has developed over the life of the "Journal for Research in Mathematics Education," (JRME), including student beliefs and mathematics learning, emotional responses to mathematics, and new approaches to affective issues. (43 references) (MKR)

Description of the Laboratory School, its objectives, and how it provided a testing ground for Dewey's philosophy that history is useful as an analytical tool. Examines Dewey's belief that children gain insight into the principles and complexities of their own society by tracing historical origins and development through the process of…

Contains two parts: (1) excerpts from interviews with Thomas Kieren and Thomas Romberg, and (2) a discussion of the evolution of views of mathematical learning and understanding, including constructivist interpretations, situated cognition, innovative perspectives on classroom research, and the inclusion of a social-interactionist Vygotskian…

By 1960 there was a strongly developed theory of learning in which learning was considered as change of behavior. Neobehaviorist theories and then formal stochastic models analyzed processes in which probabilities of responses are altered. In the 1960's, analysis of learning as a discrete change between states of knowledge or stages of processing…

Presents some of the early history of instructional development models; discusses the role of models in instructional development; reviews some of the more influential models; and discusses the possible impact of selected trends on future models of instructional development, including electronic performance support systems and rapid prototyping.…

Reviews the major contributions of Alfred Binet. Explains why the fame of the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale was so long lasting whereas that of his other contributions was so fleeting. Discusses implications of his contributions for current efforts to formulate unified theories of cognition and cognitive development. (Author/GLR)

American social trends and the consequent developments in educational approach and philosophy from the time of the Civil War to the present day are examined. The transition from an agricultural to an industrialized society is discussed in relation to American definitions and conceptions of educational structures. The socioeconomic environment of a…

Reviews the life and work of Milton Ezra LaZerte (1885-1975), rural educator and administrator at the University of Alberta (Canada). Describes LaZerte's learning theories and innovative instructional devices and compares them to those of other contributors, including B. F. Skinner. Contains 24 references. (SV)

Surveys the history of education in Mexico, examining Aztec, colonial, and post-colonial education and education in the nationalistic or modern period. Describes the organization of schools, and discusses the continuing problem of rural education. Looks at teacher education and higher education, and outlines learning theories predominant in…

Writing development in preschool children has only recently begun to receive attention; however, Russian researchers dealt with the subject in the 1920s and 30s. Arguing that writing was a fundamental assist to cognitive growth as well as a tool for communication, Lev Vygotsky believed that the preschool child was ready to be taught writing.…

Reviews the history of the development of the field of performance technology. Highlights include early teaching machines, instructional technology, learning theory, programed instruction, the systems approach, needs assessment, branching versus linear program formats, programing languages, and computer-assisted instruction. (LRW)