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Fennema, Elizabeth H. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1972
A review of several studies on the role of concrete and symbolic models in facilitating the learning of mathematical ideas, and a discussion of their implications for instruction are presented. (DT)
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Experiential Learning, Instruction, Learning Theories
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Hamrick, Kathy B. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1980
If the principles of languages are applied to the learning of arithmetic, it appears that elementary grade pupils are being introduced to mathematical symbols at too early an age. (MP)
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Learning Theories
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Noddings, Nel – Arithmetic Teacher, 1980
The problems of using formalistic methods in the instruction of mathematics to elementary level children are discussed. Precision in mathematical language is not seen as a useful instructional tool, and functional modes of communication are stressed. (MP)
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary Secondary Education, Learning Problems, Learning Theories