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Sternberg, Les; And Others – Education, 1979
Defines "skill-to-meaning" instruction. Describes research designed to determine the effectiveness of skill-to-meaning mathematics instruction for educable mentally handicapped children. Discusses educational implications of the study results and notes the benefits of meaning for handicapped children. (SB)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Elementary Education, Handicapped Children

Whitney, Hassler – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 1987
Proposes that although the past 30 years have seen increasing efforts to make mathematics more relevant and useful, schools continue to fail. Argues that forced rote learning is the direct cause of this failure and that improved teaching methods must be developed. Urges that shifts in methodology be phased in gradually. (TW)
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Elementary School Mathematics, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries