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Ohlsson, Stellan – International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2016
The ideas behind the constraint-based modeling (CBM) approach to the design of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) grew out of attempts in the 1980's to clarify how declarative and procedural knowledge interact during skill acquisition. The learning theory that underpins CBM was based on two conceptual innovations. The first innovation was to…
Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Artificial Intelligence, Models, Learning Theories
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Sternberg, Les; And Others – Education, 1979
Defines "skill-to-meaning" instruction. Describes research designed to determine the effectiveness of skill-to-meaning mathematics instruction for educable mentally handicapped children. Discusses educational implications of the study results and notes the benefits of meaning for handicapped children. (SB)
Descriptors: Addition, Arithmetic, Elementary Education, Handicapped Children