Emergent graphical shape thinking (EGST) entails conceiving a graph as being dynamically generated via the trace of a moving point constrained by two changing quantities. As such, Paoletti et al. (2023) argue that meanings for quantities within a situation and meanings for graphical representations must be connected, or bridged, to engage in EGST.…

Educational process mining aims (EPM) to help teachers understand the overall learning process of their students. Although deep learning models have shown promising results in many domains, the event log dataset in many online courses may not be large enough for deep learning models to approximate the probability distribution of students' learning…

Decades of psycholinguistics research have shown that human sentence processing is highly incremental and predictive. This has provided evidence for expectation-based theories of sentence processing, which posit that the processing difficulty of linguistic material is modulated by its probability in context. However, these theories do not make…

Writing is the highest form of thinking, as evidenced by neuroimaging that shows how more neural networks are activated simultaneously during writing than during any other cognitive activity. This book will help teachers understand how the brain learns to write by unveiling 15 stages of thinking that underpin the writing process, along with…

The study material on circle areas is contextually oriented and aids students in comprehending their surrounding environment. Higher-order thinking skills are imperative for the success of circular learning, as they help students grasp concepts holistically and solve concept problems. "What-if" questions can enhance students'…

Recommender systems in educational contexts have proven effective to identify learning resources that fit the interests and needs of learners. Their usage has been of special interest in online self-learning scenarios to increase student retention and improve the learning experience. In current recommendation techniques, and in particular, in…