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Feitelson, Dina; Razel, Micha – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1984
Examines the notion that words are sometimes perceived with greater ease than letters and that word shape sometimes plays a role in the perception of words. The data collected from 40 Israeli kindergarteners revealed that beginning readers found it easier to identify single letters than whole words, thus refuting the above notion. (Author/AS)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Beginning Reading, Early Childhood Education, Foreign Countries

Hovancik, John R. – American Journal of Psychology, 1975
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Charts, Letters (Alphabet), Psychological Studies
Lee, Catherine L.; Estes, William K. – Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 1977
A short-term recall task in which letters were spaced in different ways by distractor digits was used to separate aspects of primary and secondary memory processes and to permit examination of primary memory for position, order and item independently. Memory for order appeared derivative to memory for temporal position. (CHK)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Letters (Alphabet), Memory

McFarland, Carl E., Jr.; And Others – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1978
A modification of Posner's letter-matching paradigm is employed to study the development of abstract visual and name codes for letters in second, fourth, and sixth grade students. (CM)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Age Differences, Associative Learning, Codification
Janssen, David Rainsford – 1972
This study investigated alternate methods of letter discrimination pretraining and word recognition training in young children. Seventy kindergarten children were trained to recognize eight printed words in a vocabulary list by a mixed-list paired-associate method. Four of the stimulus words had visual response choices (pictures) and four had…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Auditory Discrimination, Decoding (Reading), Kindergarten Children

Mason, Mildred – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1982
Three experiments report additional evidence that it is a mistake to account for all interletter effects solely in terms of sensory variables. These experiments attest to the importance of structural variables such as retina location, array size, and ordinal position. (Author/PN)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Cognitive Processes, Eye Fixations, Higher Education
Bolz, Charles R.; Ackerman, Jerrold – 1975
The role of visual imagery in the learning of letter-sound combinations was investigated using such mediating images as two scoops of ice cream for the letter "m." In a preliminary study, high-, medium-, and low-strength mediating images were determined for each letter-sound combination. The 216 kindergarten subjects in the main study were…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Kindergarten Children, Learning Processes, Letters (Alphabet)
Ackerman, Jerrold – 1975
The role of visual imagery in the learning of letter-sound combinations was investigated using such mediating images as two scoops of ice cream for the letter "m." In a preliminary study, high-, medium-, and low-strength mediating images were determined for each letter-sound combination. The 216 kindergarten subjects in the main study were…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Kindergarten Children, Learning Processes, Letters (Alphabet)

Becker, Curtis A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1979
Schuberth and Eimas (EJ 159 939) reported that context and frequency effects added to determine reaction times in a lexical decision (word v nonword) task. The present reexamination shows that context and frequency do interact, with semantic context facilitating the processing of low-frequency words more than high-frequency words. (Author/CP)
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Classification, Context Clues, Higher Education
Koehler, John; And Others – 1971
In this study, eight groups of kindergarten children were trained to discriminate position and order differences in verbal and nonverbal item sequences in the context of a matching task or an associative learning task or both. Transfer was measured by having the subjects sight learn a list of words contrasting in position and order. Subsequently,…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Beginning Reading, Context Clues, Decoding (Reading)
Rosner, Jerome – 1973
This curriculum is designed primarily for use in individualized classrooms where the teacher is working with an assistant, but it has also been proven effective in traditional classrooms and in remedial situations. Program four focuses on four abilities as they relate to the basic symbol system of the classroom. These are the abilities to:…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Behavioral Objectives, Cognitive Processes, Curriculum Guides