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Costley, Jamie; Lange, Christopher – International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 2018
Semi-formal learning is used to describe learning that is directed towards the goals of a formal learning institution but outside of the learning structure of a specific class. Students studying online may form semi-formal groups to increase their knowledge of the content by interacting with other learners taking the same class. This study of…
Descriptors: Online Courses, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, College Students
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Chi, ShaoHui; Wang, Zuhao; Liu, Xiufeng; Zhu, Lei – International Journal of Science Education, 2017
This study investigated the associations among students' attitudes towards science, students' perceived difficulty of learning science, gender, parents' occupations and their scientific competencies. A sample of 1591 (720 males and 871 females) ninth-grade students from 29 junior high schools in Shanghai completed a scientific competency test and…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, Science Education, Correlation, Student Attitudes