A study of popular attitudes toward and use of Catalan and Castilian Spanish sought to clarify the prestige level of the languages in different areas in Spain. The study focused on the degree to which Catalan has undergone linguistic normalization by extension to all social levels and situations. (Author/MSE)

Discusses government intervention in language matters in Quebec, particularly in the area of terminology. A language planning model developed by the "Office de la langue francaise" consists of internal neologistic planning followed by the extension of these efforts to other francophone communities, particularly those in Europe.…

The history of Esperanto, a language created to promote international communication, is chronicled. Discussion focuses on the origins and development of the language, early attitudes toward its adoption, patterns of use and recognition, the development of a literature in and of Esperanto, the culture associated with the language. (Author/MSE)

Reviews what is known about Esperanto as a home language and first language. Recorded cases of Esperanto-speaking families are known since 1919, and in nearly all of the approximately 350 families documented, the language is spoken to the children by the father. The data suggests that this "artificial bilingualism" can be as successful…

Evaluates the Turkish language reform in a language planning framework, showing the sociocultural, political, and linguistic reasons leading to this movement and describing the processes and the outcome of this undertaking, which changed the Turkish language and shaped its subsequent development. Special emphasis is given to the process of corpus…

A study of Hebrew poems for children revealed elements of the historical and sociolinguistic dilemmas encountered in the revival of spoken Hebrew, including conflicts concerning usage and change. (MSE)