The native speaker's knowledge of his language is characterized as a grammar of expectancy that incorporates pragmatic knowledge of the world. Thus, in teaching a second language, the student must be allowed to take advantage of previously acquired expectations about situations while learning a new grammar of expectancy. (Author/LG)

This paper is strongly critical of the transformational approach to language, which, according to the author, "has presented an essentially incorrect view of the nature of language by treating it as a self-contained system, independent of its use as a medium of human communication." Four aspects of transformational theory found to follow from the…

Paper presented in a much abbreviated form at the 1972 TESOL Convention, Washington, D.C. (VM)

The entries in this annotated bibliography are divided into four major sections. The first includes some of the arguments pro and con on the cloze procedure and a few research studies along with some articles that give "how-to" recommendations. The second major section includes five subsections: the first deals with basic research concerning the…

Results from research with eye movement photography (EMP) are discussed with a view to defining differences between native-speaker and non-native reading processes. The greatest contrast is in terms of the duration of eye fixations; non-native speakers at the college level require about as much time for a fixation as an average native-speaker at…