Competence is defined as the knowledge of a mature speaker of a language, irrespective of questions about acquisition. It is questioned whether there can be a procedure for generating sentences as a model of this competence; it is concluded that there cannot be a precise, non-random model for competence. (CHK)

This document is the proceedings of a cross-cultural education conference held in Russia. The conference had four major themes: learning and development, family involvement in education, community and social context of education, and pedagogy. Educational levels discussed ranged from early childhood to university. The body of the document is…