Presents theoretical syntactic formulas for translating sentences from one language to another. (KM)

Challenges the notion that linguistic units which are equivalent from the point of view of being translated with ease from one language to another have a common deep structure. This notion is not seen as feasible in a transformational generative framework. (CLK)

Detailed version of a speech at the third Congress on Computational Linguistics in Stockholm, Sweden, September 1969. (VM)

Attempts to apply the techniques and ideas of transformational grammar to the teaching of translation. A three-step procedure in which in the original text is reduced to based and embedded sentences, translated and reconstituted in the target language is outlined. Stylistic aspects of translation are also discussed. (FWB)

This paper examines the semantic and structural characteristics of a basic pattern in English and discusses Spanish equivalents. A sentence-by-sentence analysis is made with consideration of transformations on the basic patterns in both languages. Translation and transformation complications in the two languages are illustrated. The equivalence…

TRADITIONALLY OR OTHERWISE NONLINGUISTICALLY ORIENTED LANGUAGE TEACHERS WILL FIND IN THE NEW GENERATIVE-TRANSFORMATION GRAMMAR A REFUTATION OF MANY OF THE CURRENTLY ACCEPTED LINGUISTIC (SPECIFICALLY STRUCTURALIST) TEACHINGS AND A CONFIRMATION OF SOME TRADITIONAL IDEAS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING. FOR INSTANCE, THE TRADITIONAL SPELLING OF ENGLISH (ALSO…

Noting that no clear and adequate basis for a theory of translation exists at this time, this article examines problems common to three fundamental elements of translation. Illustrative examples, taken from Slavic languages, relate to discussion of grammatical, semantic-lexical, and stylistic aspects of translation. Various contributions of…

This paper examines and criticizes Lakoff's notions of a natural logic and of a generative semantics described in terms of logic. The author argues that the relationship of these notions to logic as normally understood is unclear but suggests a number of possible interpretations of the thesis of generative semantics. Further, on these…

WITH PROGRESS IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS, THE APPLICATION OF LINGUISTICS TO LANGUAGE TEACHING HAS COME UNDER INCREASING SCRUTINY. WHILE THE STRUCTURALISTS HAVE FOUND COMPETITION IN THE MORE RECENT CONCEPTS OF THE COMPETENCE-ORIENTED AND THE PERFORMANCE-ORIENTED APPROACHES, AND MENTALISTIC THEORIES SEEM TO PROVIDE MORE EXPLANATIONS THAN…

This volume contains the papers presented at a workshop which brought together authorities from several different disciplines, each working in the area of natural language analysis, to participate in intensive, technical discussions of the issues involved in developing adequate grammars and semantics of natural languages. The disciplines…

This paper explains the main concepts of communicative grammar and provides a detailed view of how communicative grammar analyses language at various levels. Language is discussed in terms of communication; the central elements in the analysis are those that carry information. Communicative grammar seeks to describe the process of the linguistic…