Argues that some important aspects of listening as an interactive skill have been neglected in second-language teaching, including the receipt tokens "yeah,""mm hm," and "mm," and that such items should be taught as part of the development of conversational skills. Characteristics of these items' placement in talk sequences, prosodic shape, pause…

It is proposed that the target for teaching pronunciation in English as a Second Language must be the authentic, connected speech that is used by most native speakers, not an artificial and over-correct model too closely tied to the writing system, a different modality entirely. In English, this means learning the language's rhythmic patterns to…

This booklet is intended for use as supplementary material in the Advanced Phase of the "Arabic Basic Course," developed and implemented at the Defense Language Institute. The purpose of this book is to acquaint students with specialized airport terminology pertaining to takeoff and landing procedures directed in modern, standard Arabic. The…

This is one of a series of supplementary materials used in the final phase of the "Czech Basic Course" developed and implemented at the Defense Language Institute. The purpose of this text is to acquaint students with specialized airport terminology pertaining to takeoff and landing precedures conducted in Czech. The dialogues, presented in…

This booklet seeks to introduce basic dialogues for utilization at airport facilities. The English version of the phraseology is provided with the Chinese Mandarin text. The phraseology includes material on: (1) departure control, (2) high altitude penetration, (3) beacon identification, (4) arrival control, (5) circling approach, (6) final…

This course provides an introduction to Vietnamese as spoken in South Vietnam. The most basic structural patterns of the language have been introduced along with vocabulary that is considered to be useful for Americans in Vietnam. The course, designed for classroom use, is suitable for self-instructional use with the use of accompanying tape…

An understanding of the structure and function of discourse in social communication and in its internal representation to the individuals is sought in this multidisciplinary collection of papers. The approaches are divided into theoretical orientations and empirical orientations. The theoretical papers deal with: (1) comprehension in conversation,…

This study explores the relationships between a child's discriminatory abilities in the areas of pitch, intensity, rhythm, timbre, and tonal memory and his capacity to comprehend and speak the Spanish language. The Spanish accent is analyzed on the basis of intonation, stress, sinalepha, and phone production. These factors were tested both in…

Twelve teenagers of Puerto Rican origin were interviewed to determine their proficiency in speaking and understanding Spanish. Three levels of oral Spanish proficiency were established as reference points on a continuum by using self-ratings, peer-ratings, and self-reports of usage. These impressions were verified by the number and type of errors…

This article deals with the issue of gaining proficiency in oral expression in a second language. A functional approach to teaching oral proficiency is outlined, an approach which focuses on the audience as a determining factor in the speaker's linguistic output. Claims in the article are based on an experiment in the teaching of oral proficiency…