Evaluates the amount of instructional time which is devoted to map reading and other geographic skills during social studies classes in elementary school. Identifies stages which pupils pass through as they learn to draw maps. Suggests that map experiences be integrated into the curriculum so that children can better accomplish map-related tasks.…

Describes a study to extend research of Piaget and Jahoda into children's spatial conceptions. Individual testing and interviewing are discussed. Results indicate differences in rate of spatial stages development of Swiss, Scottish and American children, although Piagets' original theorized stages remain invariate. (Author/AV)

Discusses the five fundamental themes of geography. Describes the relationship between them and traditional geographic concepts. Merges themes and concepts to include location (position on Earth's surface), place (physical and human characteristics), relationships within places (human and environment), movement (humans interacting with the earth),…