This research examined how motivation (perceived control, intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation), cognitive learning strategies (deep and surface strategies), and intelligence jointly predict long-term growth in students' mathematics achievement over 5 years. Using longitudinal data from six annual waves (Grades 5 through 10;…

To determine whether adolescents interpret parental behavioral and psychological control differently, type, level, and domain of control were manipulated across 3 interpretations (adolescents' competence, mattering to parents, and parental intrusiveness). As expected, adolescents (N = 67, M = 14.25 years) generally interpreted high levels of…

Investigated the concurrent validity of the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Scale (IAR), an instrument which measures locus of control in academic achievement situations. Teachers from nine elementary schools rated students in grades 3-6 as internal or external in academic achievement situations. These ratings were then compared with the…

Investigates the effects of child controllability on adult assertiveness, as moderated by adult control perceptions. Four boys (aged seven to nine), trained to be responsive or unresponsive, interacted in adult-child dyads on a toy construction task with 32 women. (Author/SS)

Fourth and fifth grade girls observed a reward, punishment, or neutral outcome to a game played by a person who chose to or was forced to play. Children, who observed the punished model, appreciated her lack of deservingness. Results were interpreted in terms of the just-world hypothesis. (ST)

The contraceptive effectiveness of 155 single women between 15 and 25 years of age was found to be significantly and negatively related to a means-end problem-solving ability and a belief in internal control and significantly and positively related to a belief in chance control. (JMB)

Young children watched videotaped fairy tales that involved child or adult control over frightening events. Subsequently, they watched a videotape of a child having a medical exam. Children who had watched the child control fairy tales showed an enhancement, whereas children who had watched the adult control fairy tales showed a deficit, in…

Investigated the degree to which an individual disregards information about himself and his environment, as a function of his locus of control patterns, and hence is less responsive to or influenced by a given segment of information. Subjects were 341 fourth- and fifth-grade children. (SDH)

Interperceptual experiences of teachers with eighth grade boys (indentified as either internally or externally controlled) were investigated and compared. (ST)

Developmental changes in conditions engendering pride and embarrassment were explored. Among other results, developmental change was found in the standards used to evaluate emotional experiences; references to social comparison increased with age and references to mastery decreased. (PCB)

A total of 309 children were divided into eight groups on the basis of their Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test scores. The Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control (LOC) Scale and the Children's Psychological Conservatism Scale were administered. Findings indicate a curvilinear relationship between verbal ability and the reliability of the LOC scale. (RH)

Boys who took credit for their academic successes and girls who accepted blame for their failures were those most likely to have higher grades and higher achievement test scores. (Author)