The internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model describes relations among Verbal self-concept (VSC), Math self-concept (MSC), and corresponding achievement scores (VACH, MACH). In support of the model Marsh (1986) found that: (1) VSC and MSC were nearly uncorrelated; (2) the effect of VACH on VSC, and of MACH on MSC, were positive; but (3)…

A review of more than 500 empirical studies conducted since 1970 on the achievement of Mexican Americans identified prior claims supported and/or refuted by data, isolated promising hypotheses for further investigation or educational implementation, and made recommendations for improvement of schooling, school-home relations, and teacher…

A review of research literature pertaining to locus of control in older adults and its application to social and educational settings indicates that reliable generalizations about the self-concept of older adults require a careful consideration of both personal and situational variables. Four separate processes are useful in understanding the…

This document is part of the ETS Head Start longitudinal study, Disadvantaged Children and Their First School Experiences. The present study investigated the interrelationships among status, situational and process variables describing the child's home environment and the relationship of these variables to the child's concurrent…

This study investigates whether students experiencing difficulty adapting to parental loss also feel they have little or no control over life events; whether an inability to adapt to the stress of parental loss surfaces as a school adjustment problem; and whether these relationships are stronger for students losing a parent through death than…

The Responsibility for Student Achievement Questionnaire (RSA) was designed to measure elementary or secondary school teachers' beliefs regarding their responsibility for their students' academic successes and failures. The 30 items were constructed in the alternative-weighting format; for each item describing student success or failure, the…

Interviews were conducted with 15 Black and 15 Puerto Rican women students from Brookdale Community College, New Jersey, and with 15 Black and 15 Puerto Rican women not attending college in order to determine: (1) if adult, minority women enrolled in college were more self-directed than those who had not sought further education; (2) the…

Six variables have a significant effect on student engagement rates in middle school science activities: (1) teacher wait-time; (2) quality of teacher questioning; (3) cognitive level of teacher behavior; (4) classroom management; (5) student formal reasoning ability; and (6) student locus of control. Data suggest the importance of formal…

A study was conducted in thirty-four sixth grade classrooms in order to examine (1) the effect of teacher behavior on pupil achievement and feelings of control; (2) how pupil characteristics affect teachers' differential behaviors toward different pupils; (3) how the effect of teachers' behaviors on pupils varies according to pupil…

This journal of educational research contains five papers written by international authors. The initial paper presents the evaluation of a French immersion program for students from the second through the fourth grade in Toronto. The aim of the second paper, written in French with an English summary, was to find the attitude dimensions of French…

This fourth report of Follow Through Classroom Observation data, collected in Spring 1973 from 37 sites representing seven sponsors who participated in the planned variation studies, focuses upon the question of whether sponsors can deliver their educational systems to diverse kinds of communities. It is a study of the effects of training…

The purpose of this investigation was to identify those demographic and programmatic (independent) variables which were the best predictors of student success in a remedial program, as measured by four different criterion (dependent) variables: grade point average, persistence, increase in internality in locus of control, and increase in…

Risk-Taking 2 investigates behaviors of young children who are presented with a choice without prior knowledge of the outcome. The child is asked to choose between a certainty, a toy placed in front of him, and an uncertainty, a paper bag which E had previously explained might contain five toys or none at all. Children who chose the certain toy…

This report describes the Eclipse program, which was developed for middle school students with school-behavior problems. The program combines group counseling and judo training, a non-violent sport that promotes social, psychological, and physical development. During the program, groups of approximately 15-20 students participate for 1 hour each…

In Finland, ammattikorkeakoulu (AMK) or higher vocational education institutions or polytechnics are professionally and practically oriented; their teaching and learning methods reflect approaches different from those of universities. Training and learning methods focus on learning by doing. Project work used in polytechnic programs offers…