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Students' Mechanistic Reasoning in Practice: Enabling Functions of Drawing, Gestures and Talk
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de Andrade, Vanessa; Shwartz, Yael; Freire, Sofia; Baptista, Mónica – Science Education, 2022
Mechanistic reasoning is a powerful form of reasoning central to scientific explanations. Despite mechanistic reasoning being an important dimension of scientific practice and a central dimension of science curricula, students face difficulties in developing such type of reasoning. Many authors have been proposing tools for supporting its…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Logical Thinking, Science Process Skills, Science Curriculum
Scientific Reasoning: Influences on Task Performance and Response Categorization
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Linn, Marcia C. – Science Education, 1977
Four tasks which are frequently used to evaluate adolescent reasoning skill: (1) the pendulum task; (2) the ramp problem; (3) the cart experiment; and (4) the invisible magnetism experiment are analyzed to determine the Piagetian concepts that each measures. (CP)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Adolescents, Cognitive Development, Educational Research
Formal Reasoning, Achievement, and Intelligence: An Issue of Importance.
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Lawson, Anton E. – Science Education, 1982
Many science curriculum development projects have the goal of increasing students' ability to employ scientific or formal reasoning strategies. Argues that longitudinal data of students who acquired formal reasoning strategies as a consequence of specific instruction are needed to provide evidence that these skills will help in other academic…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Achievement, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement
Controlling Variables: Assessing Levels of Understanding
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Wollman, Warren – Science Education, 1977
A colliding spheres type of experiment is used with several hundred 4-12 grade students to test for knowledge of the concept of controlling variables. Results support the contention that the concept is developed gradually during the concept stage but not fully attained until around 14 years of age. (CP)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Concept Formation, Educational Research, Elementary Secondary Education
Controlling Variables: A Neo-Piagetian Developmental Sequence
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Wollman, Warren – Science Education, 1977
Defines five levels between concrete and formal operation in the development of the concept of controlling variables. The sample, methodology and research on which the work is based is described in SE 519 500. (CP)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation, Developmental Psychology
A Study of the Logical Thinking Skills and Integrated Process Skills of Junior High School Students in North Carolina and Japan.
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Matheis, F. E.; And Others – Science Education, 1992
Examined and compared the logical thinking skills and science process skills of junior high school students in North Carolina (n=3,291) and Japan (n=4,397) by grade and by gender. Results indicated that Japanese students in grades seven, eight, and nine performed significantly better than North Carolina students in both areas. (MDH)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Foreign Countries, Junior High School Students, Junior High Schools
The Construction and Comparison of Three Related Tests of Formal Reasoning.
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Carlson, Gaylen R.; Streitberger, Eric – Science Education, 1983
Compared formal reasoning responses of seventh-and eighth-grade students on three tests of formal reasoning. The three tests differ only in the mode of equipment presentation on identical test items and problems. Tests included three-dimension demonstration (Lawson), two-dimension showing drawings of materials used in three-dimensional test, and…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests