The purpose of this paper is to trace the historical trajectory of special education and how societal perspectives influenced the special education movement. It aims to answer if special education and inclusion have achieved their goals for all individuals, especially those with disabilities. A review of historical trends, special education laws,…

Teachers and parents often find special education law complex and confusing. As one step for a basic foundation in special education law, a previous "TEACHING Exceptional Children" article (Zirkel, 2005) provided a snapshot of the "top five case concepts" based on 10 decisions from the Supreme Court. Each of these decisions…

In a world of ever-changing educational trends, it is essential for educators to provide a continuum of services to meet the needs of all students. Therefore, employing an inclusive structure or environment is imperative to the implementation of Special Education laws, according to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and Every Student…

Presented at the First Northwest Special Remedial Education Workshop at Terrace, November, 1977, the article discusses, in light of the increasing trend toward mainstreaming, written individualized education programs (IEPs), which the author feels should be provided to all handicapped children in need of special education and related services. (D…

Specifically explains procedures and techniques necessary to be in compliance with the Individualized Educational Program of the Handicapped Children's Act. Also describes principal's role in mainstreaming handicapped students. (LD)

In an interview, K. Wyatt, president of The Council for Exceptional Children, discusses issues related to determining the most appropriate and least restrictive environment (LRE) placement for mentally retarded persons. (CL)

The article discusses two provisions--least restrictive environment and the individualized education program--generated by P.L. 94-142, Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Priorities for effective mainstreaming are considered, and opposition to the least restrictive environment concept is examined. It is concluded that the key to P.L.…

Regular and special class placement of handicapped children is discussed in terms of teacher needs, individualized programing, research, and the role of individuals other than the teacher who are responsible for inadequate progress in special classrooms. (SBH)

The underlying ingredient of individualized mainstreaming is inclusion, not separation, on a long-term basis. The policy of inclusion encourages grouping patterns that allow children who are different in many ways to live and learn together when it is of benefit to them. (Author)

Presented is the transcript of a radio program on handicapped children in the classroom. Through interviews with students, teachers, parents, and state and local officials, the program touches on peer acceptance, teacher training, problems with mainstreaming, teacher concerns about Individualized Education Programs (IEPs), parent rights, and the…

Outlined is a nine phase inservice program for school personnel to aid in the implementation of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. Provided for each phase are a statement of emphasis, objectives, intended participants, and duration and number of meetings. Phases include a 3-hour meeting with Board of Education and…

Implications of implementing full integration of special needs students are considered, noting the goal's basis in the belief that every child is unique, valued, and can learn. Responsibilities of participants in inclusive programs are identified, and two methods (adaptations and modifications) for altering the educational programs of students…

Written for parents of hearing impaired children, the article reviews provisions of Public Law 94-142, The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. (CL)

Listed are 10 steps which must be taken in developing an individualized education program. Discussed are the advantages and disadvantages of developing an IEP, and the suggestion is made that some professionals consider the IEP to be a wave of the future for education in general. (KC)

The article examines possible conflicts between specific aspects (particularly the individualized education program and mainstreaming) of P.L. 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and the broad intent, or spirit of the Law. (SBH)