Data regarding intervention utilization among the target population are critical to interpret evidence from efficacy trials for school-based interventions. When use of the intervention is voluntary, intervention diffusion becomes a particularly critical variable. We examined the use of Instructional Consultation Teams (IC Teams), a voluntary…

The role of the special educator in collaborative consultation with regular educators is discussed in terms of problems in the practice of consultation, consultation as a mutual and reciprocal schoolwide activity, consultation as a facilitative process, consultation as a routine professional role, and the language of consultation. (DB)

As more students with disabilities move into mainstreamed classroom settings, the role of special educators has shifted from direct instruction to more indirect support of classroom teachers. This article discusses definitions of consultation, the consultation process, consultation models, and situational factors in consultation. (JDD)

Schools in the Toronto (Ontario, Canada) area have established a Resource Teacher Service (RTS) to provide necessary educational program supports for physically disabled students, their teachers, and their schools when community school placements are indicated. The principles of intervention emphasized in the RTS include pragmatic forms of…

This guide to the use of collaborative teams to facilitate the inclusion of all students, including those with disabilities, covers the following topics: (1) uses of collaborative teams (e.g., team teaching, peer coaching/mentoring, teacher assistance teams, pre-assessment teams, and student support teams); (2) benefits and motivating factors for…

The Mainstream Assistance Team (MAT) Project is a 3-year program to develop, implement, and validate a prereferral intervention model with nonhandicapped difficult-to-teach students. This paper presents a rationale for prereferral assessment and intervention focused on the increasing numbers of mildly handicapped students enrolled in special…

This research abstract summarizes two reports titled: (1) "Mainstream Assistance Teams to Accommodate Difficult to Teach Students in General Education" (Douglas Fuchs and Lynn S. Fuchs) and "Prereferral Intervention through Teacher Consultation: Mainstream Assistance Teams (Douglas Fuchs and others). The project investigated a…

This final report resulted from a 1-year evaluation of three Area Learning Support Teams, intended to provide a flexible and coordinated learning support service in three secondary schools and associated primary schools in one region of Scotland. The study interviewed 26 key people and used questionnaires to elicit opinions of 163 others. Findings…

The report describes the first 3 years of the Homecoming Project, which was designed to return disabled students in regional special education programs to regular classes in 26 local Vermont schools. Fifty-eight such students (of whom 45% were moderately or severely handicapped) were transitioned into regular classes and 19 other students at risk…

This paper provides an overview of collaborative consultation, a service delivery model emphasizing mediated joint problem-solving efforts between individuals from different fields. Of special emphasis is the role of teachers of mainstreamed hearing-impaired students in providing ongoing support to regular classroom teachers, speech-language…

The paper describes the collaborative technique used by a school-based team of general and special educators, called a Student Assistance Team (SAT), to serve mainstreamed students and other unidentified "at risk" students in the regular classroom in a timely and efficient manner. The SAT referral process has five steps: teacher requests…

This study explored effects of a service delivery system for learning-disabled (LD) secondary students in regular content area classrooms using Mainstream Consultation Agreements (MCAs), in which regular and special education teachers defined shared responsibilities for each student. Evaluation results with 29 LD students found both improvement…

The monograph describes the co-teaching program in the L'Anse Creuse (Michigan) public schools, implemented at Middle School South, in which regular and special education teachers are paired to provide academic support to mildly impaired middle-school special education students within the regular education classroom. The program currently includes…

The paper describes application of an interactive model to providing services for young children with special needs being mainstreamed in community day care programs. In this model, the resource consultant coordinates service delivery in interactions with: (1) the child and family; (2) early childhood educators; and (3) resource specialists. The…

This article describes application of a collaborative service model for students with disabilities in a Minnesota middle school. The model delivers special education services in mainstream classrooms through curricula that are adapted, supplemented, and modified. The characteristics and role of the effective collaborating teacher are explored. (DB)