A management development project at a daily newspaper in Southern California used the formative evaluation process as a strategy for organizational improvement. The process involved building teams of circulation managers, based on the assumption that the best managers have positive self-concepts and that managers' self-concepts can be enhanced by…

Leaders need to be forceful--to assert themselves and push others to action. They must also be enabling--to discover and bring out the capabilities of others. The problem is that many executives see forceful leadership and enabling leadership as mutually exclusive or strongly favor one approach over the other, thus lacking the versatility they…