Management of information services requires managerial control of information about the service itself. A critical factor for information managers that affects their ability to provide service is their own competence at handling management information, i.e., information concerning and describing the performance, income, and expenses of their…

Of the 64 libraries responding to a 1978 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) survey, 37 indicated that they used automated circulation systems; half of these were commercial systems, and most were batch-process or combination batch process and online. Nearly all libraries without automated systems cited lack of funding as the reason for not…