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Kay, James J.; Schneider, Eric – Alternatives, 1994
Discusses the inherent complexities of ecosystems. Included in the discussion are the topics of space and time; thermodynamics and open systems; middle number systems and observer dependence; information needs; and the ecosystem approach and integrity. (Contains 26 references.) (MDH)
Descriptors: Ecology, Environmental Education, Integrity, Management Systems

Bell, Anne – Alternatives, 1994
The ecosystem approach is a management philosophy in which humans participate in the natural world, not dominate it. Discusses this concept with respect to the Great Lakes context, the anthropocentric argument, sustainable development, and integrating economy and environment. (Contains 52 references.) (MDH)
Descriptors: Anthropology, Ecology, Environmental Education, Management Systems

Caldwell, Lynton Keith – Alternatives, 1994
Uses the example of the Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence Basin Watershed to explore the conflict between current political jurisdictions and the ecosystem approach. (Contains 14 references.) (MDH)
Descriptors: Ecology, Environmental Education, Government Role, Institutional Role