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Peer reviewedJohnson, William L. – Education, 1984
Provides a basic definition of the systems approach and explains the school as an open social-technical system composed of five subsystems--goals and values, technical, psychosocial, structural, and managerial. Contrasts the systems approach with earlier management theories that emphasized particular subsystems and ignored others. (JHZ)
Descriptors: Administrative Organization, Definitions, Educational Administration, Educational Planning
Pennings, Johannes M.; Goodman, Paul S. – 1976
A new conceptual framework of organizational effectiveness is described. The framework has three distinctive features: (a) It provides a definition of organizational effectiveness built around the concepts of outcomes, constraints, and referents; (b) it delineates three subsystems on which effectiveness, as well as relevant determinants, can be…
Descriptors: Conceptual Schemes, Definitions, Efficiency, Industrial Structure
Dobbert, Daniel J. – 1976
This paper presents a nontraditional definition of competency and describes in detail a comprehensive model for the development of competency-based curricula based on that definition. The model was developed through the anasynthesis procedure and was validated through application in the development of competency-based curricula for three programs…
Descriptors: Competency Based Education, Curriculum Development, Definitions, Elementary Secondary Education
