This document presents 34 guidelines for educational managers who are implementing or considering planning-programing-budgeting systems (PPBS). The guidelines, divided into planning, programing, budgeting, and systems analysis, are designed to point out potential trouble spots that could occur at any of the stages of system implementation. The…

The purpose of this report is to provide a common framework within which Ohio's public institutions of higher education can perform their existing planning, programming, and budgeting functions. The purposes, organization, and outputs of higher education are discussed in the first 3 sections. Purposes include: instructional objectives, research,…

This bibliography presents a collection of 87 references identified by the Center for Management Studies at the University of Georgia during research studies on planning, programing, and budgeting systems (PPBS). The study evolved from a local need for a unified bibliography with a focus on PPBS applications in education, and this document…

At present most systems development is completely dominated by systems people. Such domination can lead to long delays in the development of systems, failures of many systems to ever become operational, costly redesigns for those that do, and a poor fit between systems and their users. Management and users, as well as systems programmers, need to…

Current school district organization fails to provide the environment necessary to develop and use analytical techniques in educational planning. Current organization often acts as a barrier to the acceptance of the results of analysis. A program-oriented management system enhances the environment for systems analysis and promotes both the…

Evaluating alternatives provides both the reason for and the technique of program budgeting for educational planning. The activities demanded by the program budgeting system allow systematic choosing of a preferred course of action. Within this system, alternatives are considered in the context of all other programs. This document presents…

A fully developed planning, programing, and budgeting system comprises more than the program budget and its financial information; it is a system of analysis intended to assist the decisionmaker in choosing among alternative courses of action for the school district programs. Its most salient feature is its usefulness as a general analytical tool…

In a controlled experiment, the IIEP attempted to develop efficient teaching materials in the field of educational planning. Informal instructional materials were compiled from the tape recordings, transcriptions, and summary notes of seminars, lectures, and discussions conducted by the IIEP in its training and research program. This instructional…

How can the structure of a management system be reviewed? What specific data should be collected and what procedures should be followed? The specific data collection methodology consists of three steps: (1) description of process outputs, procedures, and inputs; (2) evaluation of effectiveness, needs, and priorities for change in the process; and…

The intent of this document is to describe approximately 30 management science and organizational behavioral techniques with practical applications in school business management. Each technique is described by the mechanics of using the technique, specific applications of the technique, and requirements and constraints in the use of the technique.…