This chapter explores discrepancies between Mandatory Continuing Education (MCE) for adults and Dewey's philosophy in which learners are motivated by their own purposes.

Physicians and architects surveyed suggested that institutionalizing continuing education and lack of attention to individual needs were reasons for resistance to self-direction. Continuing professional education must link learning to improved practice to overcome resistance. (SK)

In Brockett's opinion, mandatory continuing education does not ensure effective and competent performance, and it violates adult education principles. Le Grand finds it a natural extension of preprofessional preparation. (SK)

Experience with nuclear power plant workers for whom continuing education is mandated yielded techniques for incorporating self-direction to overcome resistance: educate management, involve workers, know the audience, incorporate feedback in training plans, be consistent, use learning contracts, motivate learners, use alternative methods, build…