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de Souza, Anthony R.; Downs, Roger M. – 1994
This booklet is both an executive summary of "Geography for Life: National Geography Standards 1994" and an introduction to geography as an essential part of every child's education, and as an integral part of the lives of all U.S. citizens. The publication is illustrated on every page with photographs, paintings, graphs, and maps. It…
Descriptors: Cartography, Elementary Secondary Education, Geographic Concepts, Geography
Liben, Lynn S.; Downs, Roger M. – 1991
A geographer and a developmental psychologist collaborated on an investigation of the development of children's ability to comprehend, produce, and use graphic representations of space. Such representations are called "geo-graphics" in this paper. The researchers held that children's mastery of maps is dependent on their developing…
Descriptors: Adults, Cartography, Children, Cognitive Ability
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Liben, Lynn S.; Downs, Roger M. – Developmental Psychology, 1993
A total of 259 children between 5 and 12 years of age plotted the location and heading of an adult who was standing in their classroom onto a map of the classroom. Older children performed better than younger ones; boys performed better than girls. (MDM)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students
Downs, Roger M. – Momentum, 1993
Reviews the work of the Geography Standards Project, a national effort to develop standards for geography education in grades K-12. Describes committee structures, definitions of "world class" student performance and "standards," and the nature of the standards developed, indicating that they focus on outcomes, performance, and…
Descriptors: Academic Standards, Curriculum Development, Definitions, Educational Objectives