An "analogy" is a statement of relationship. A "spatial analogy" is an analogy based on a spatial relationship that is observed in a location. Spatial analogies can be based on any spatial relationship, including distance, direction, elevation, proximity, enclosure, or position in a pattern, region, or sequence - in short, every topic for spatial reasoning that has been mentioned in all five of the previous articles in this series. The symbols on the model or map have the same spatial relationships as the real-world features they represent. As a result, geography teachers could learn how to make better map-reading lessons by studying what psychologists and neuroscientists have discovered about the mental processes involved in thinking about analogies.