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Peer reviewedUngar, S.; And Others – Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 1994
Eighty-eight children (either totally blind or with residual vision) estimated directions between landmarks in a large scale layout of objects. Children experienced the layout either directly by walking around it or indirectly by examining a tactile map. Use of tactile maps considerably facilitated the performance of the blind children. (Author/DB)
Descriptors: Blindness, Children, Maps, Partial Vision
Peer reviewedEspinosa, M. A.; Ochaita, E. – Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 1998
This study evaluated the effects of three instructional methods (direct experience, cartographic representation (tactile map), and verbal description) on the spatial knowledge of 30 adults with blindness. Results indicated that participants' practical spatial knowledge was better when they learned with a tactile map than in either of the other…
Descriptors: Adults, Blindness, Instructional Effectiveness, Instructional Materials
