While finding that the need for literacy and coordinated cooperation between developing countries, international organizations, and "donor" agencies is imperative, the author finds that abolishing illiteracy is possible only in the context of eradicating hunger, poverty, and oppression; the priorities are elsewhere. (SK)

Concludes that a Mass Literacy Campaign in a complex political setting in a nation such as Nigeria, devoid of ideological orientation and lacking in a popularist approach to the elimination of illiteracy, has limited chances of success despite the attractions and merit of a literate citizenry. (JOW)

Discusses Radio Learning Group (RLG) Campaigns, in which groups meet weekly with a trained leader, listen to radio programs, read study materials, and discuss the issues. Describes in detail the operational workshop held in Swaziland to train the leaders of the RLG Campaign. (SK)

Discusses aspects of literacy education: why it is needed; how it affects the individual, the family, the community, and society; ill effects and abuses of literacy; why literacy education is needed now; and the need for mass literacy campaigns. (CT)

Presents information about adult education programs in Romania. Discusses general education and vocational training (evening programs, secondary school classes, extramural education courses), improving vocational and professional capabilities, cultural-scientific mass education, and other educational programs. (CT)

This article was based on the author's field study of the Iraqi Literacy campaign in late 1979 and on his follow-up work in 1981. The author spent several weeks interviewing campaign officials, administrators, teachers, and students throughout the country. The article presents the campaign's political philosophy, design, and strategies. (SSH)

This report was based on the author's study in China in 1980-81 and on the findings of other observers, Chinese data, and analyses of the post-Mao adult education system (1977-1982). It focuses particularly on the shifts in adult education priorities and programs and on the political and pedagogical debates. (SSH)