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Direct linkBurcu Koca Guler; Fulya Gokalp Yavuz – European Journal of Education, 2025
Assessing achievement is a complex task due to its dependence on multiple factors and the hierarchical structure of educational data, yet surveys like TIMSS offer valuable insights into its determining factors like students' mathematics anxiety. However, disregarding the nested structure of data and ignoring the assumptions of models causes poor…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Elementary Secondary Education, International Assessment, Mathematics Tests
