This article illustrates how teachers can use number lines to support students with or at risk for learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics. Number lines can be strategically used to help students understand relations among numbers, approach number combinations (i.e., basic facts), as well as represent and solve addition and subtraction problems.…

Algebra is considered an important high school course because it is recognized as the gateway to higher mathematics, college opportunities, and well-paying jobs. In the United States, most secondary schools require students to be proficient in algebra to be able to graduate from high school. One major component of algebra is word problem solving,…

The present study examines the features and quality of visual representations (VRs) created by middle school students with learning disabilities and difficulties in mathematics in response to a released fraction item from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Relations between VR quality and scores on other measures of fraction…

We conducted a comprehensive synthesis of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) research that aimed to facilitate the learning of mathematical word problem solving involving elementary and secondary school students with learning disabilities or difficulties in mathematics. We examined a total of 13 studies under the four instructional categories:…

This paper reports on a case study of two elementary school students with mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) (ages 10 and 11) using augmented reality (AR), digital and physical modelling in mathematics class. MLD students worked on modelling geometric shapes (cubes, cuboids, squared pyramids, and octahedrons) and forms (polygons) by…

To investigate student difficulties in solving word problems in algebra, we carried out a teaching experiment involving 51 Indonesian students (12/13 year-old) who used a digital mathematics environment. The findings were backed up by an interview study, in which eighteen students (13/14 year-old) were involved. The perspective of mathematization,…

Mathematics is a subject which is often taught using abstract methods and processes. These methods by their very nature may for students alienate the relationship between Mathematics and real life situations. Further, these abstract methods and processes may disenfranchise students from becoming self-directed learners of Mathematics. A solution to…

This study sought to identify components of an asynchronous online teacher professional development program, "Prime Online," that potentially affected participants' mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Twenty-three third- through fifth-grade general education and special education teachers completed a yearlong online teacher…

This article describes the affordances of using clinical interviews with struggling mathematics learners to inform intervention and instruction. A case study of a fourth grade student, Danny, is presented to give an illustrative example of the complexity of the student's mathematical understandings in terms of place value. From the clinical…

The study explored the effects of a computer-assisted COnceptual Model-based Problem-Solving (COMPS) program on multiplicative word-problem-solving performance of students with learning disabilities or difficulties. The COMPS program emphasizes mathematical modeling with algebraic expressions of relations. Participants were eight fourth and fifth…

The authors explored the effects of teaching conceptual model-based problem-solving instruction on students' ability to solve problems in various situations. Participants were 3 4th-and 5th-grade students with or at risk for mathematics disabilities. The authors used an adapted multiple-probe across-participants design to assess the functional…

An author of a paper (EC 602 060) that presents two causal models of learning disabilities comments on his interest in the research, how the research design developed, limitations of the research, and the need for replication with other disability groups. (JDD)

Two causal models are presented to describe influences on the performance of students with learning disabilities. The first model associates reading and math with three domains: neuropsychological, linguistic, and social-behavioral. The second model involved relationships among selected individual variables and suggests that learning disability is…

Observational data were collected over a period of 120 school days from 11 elementary-level, self-contained, learning disabilities classrooms (N=105), using the Student Level Observation of Beginning Reading system. Findings indicate that reliable and unbiased observations of student behavior were obtained through the use of a single observer.…

Structural equation modeling procedures were used to verify a causal relationship between the phonological, word recognition, reading rate, and comprehension components of the reading process. Results indicated proficiency in phonological skills was important for development of word recognition ability, a major contributor to reading…