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Freedman, David A.; And Others – Evaluation Review, 1993
Techniques for adjusting census figures are discussed, with a focus on sampling error, uncertainty of estimates resulting from the luck of sample choice. Computer simulations illustrate the ways in which the smoothing algorithm may make adjustments less, rather than more, accurate. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Census Figures, Computer Simulation, Error of Measurement

Raudenbush, Stephen W.; And Others – Journal of Educational Statistics, 1991
A three-level multivariate statistical modeling strategy is presented that resolves the question of whether the unit of analysis should be the teacher or the student. A reanalysis of U.S. high school data (51 Catholic and 59 public schools from the High School and Beyond survey) illustrates the model. (SLD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Catholic Schools, Educational Environment, Equations (Mathematics)