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Thomas, Michael L.; Brown, Gregory G.; Patt, Virginie M.; Duffy, John R. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2021
The adaptation of experimental cognitive tasks into measures that can be used to quantify neurocognitive outcomes in translational studies and clinical trials has become a key component of the strategy to address psychiatric and neurological disorders. Unfortunately, while most experimental cognitive tests have strong theoretical bases, they can…
Descriptors: Adaptive Testing, Computer Assisted Testing, Cognitive Tests, Psychopathology
Träff, Ulf; Skagerlund, Kenny; Olsson, Linda; Östergren, Rickard – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2017
Background: Developing sufficient mathematical skills is a prerequisite to function adequately in society today. Given this, an important task is to increase our understanding regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying young people's acquisition of early number skills and formal mathematical knowledge. Aims: The purpose was to examine whether…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Females, Arithmetic, Mathematics Skills
Cowan, Nelson; Hardman, Kyle; Saults, J. Scott; Blume, Christopher L.; Clark, Katherine M.; Sunday, Mackenzie A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2016
Here we examine a new task to assess working memory for visual arrays in which the participant must judge how many items changed from a studied array to a test array. As a clue to processing, on some trials in the first 2 experiments, participants carried out a metamemory judgment in which they were to decide how many items were in working memory.…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Short Term Memory, Correlation, Performance
Olivers, Christian N. L.; Meeter, Martijn – Psychological Review, 2008
What is the time course of visual attention? Attentional blink studies have found that the 2nd of 2 targets is often missed when presented within about 500 ms from the 1st target, resulting in theories about relatively long-lasting capacity limitations or bottlenecks. Earlier studies, however, reported quite the opposite finding: Attention is…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Attention, Short Term Memory, Eye Movements
Stamovlasis, Dimitrios; Tsaparlis, Georgios – Science Education, 2012
In this study, we test an information-processing model (IPM) of problem solving in science education, namely the working memory overload model, by applying catastrophe theory. Changes in students' achievement were modeled as discontinuities within a cusp catastrophe model, where working memory capacity was implemented as asymmetry and the degree…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, High School Students, Logical Thinking, Science Education
Krueger, Kai A.; Dayan, Peter – Cognition, 2009
Humans and animals can perform much more complex tasks than they can acquire using pure trial and error learning. This gap is filled by teaching. One important method of instruction is shaping, in which a teacher decomposes a complete task into sub-components, thereby providing an easier path to learning. Despite its importance, shaping has not…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Teaching Methods, Learning Processes, Mathematical Models
Oberauer, Klauss; Lange, Elke B. – Cognitive Psychology, 2009
The article presents a mathematical model of short-term recognition based on dual-process models and the three-component theory of working memory [Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. "Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28", 411-421]. Familiarity arises…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Form Classes (Languages), Familiarity, Access to Information
Camos, Valerie – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2008
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of individual differences in working memory capacity on number transcoding. A recently proposed model, ADAPT (a developmental asemantic procedural transcoding model), accounts for the development of number transcoding from verbal form to Arabic form by two mechanisms: the learning of new production rules…
Descriptors: Memory, Developmental Delays, Individual Differences, Short Term Memory

Cooney, John B; Troyer, Rod – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1994
Illustrates some of the analytic tools and conventions associated with the construction and evaluation of dynamic models of the processes underlying learning, memory, and development. Describes a study finding that children may exhibit slower disintegration of verbatim memory traces than adults due to interference; however, adults may be more…
Descriptors: Adults, Chaos Theory, Cognitive Development, Epistemology
Valdez, Pablo; Reilly, Thomas; Waterhouse, Jim – Mind, Brain, and Education, 2008
Cognitive performance is affected by an individual's characteristics and the environment, as well as by the nature of the task and the amount of practice at it. Mental performance tests range in complexity and include subjective estimates of mood, simple objective tests (reaction time), and measures of complex performance that require decisions to…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Mathematical Models, Academic Achievement, Performance Tests
Schneider, Darryl W.; Logan, Gordon D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 2005
Switch costs in task switching are commonly attributed to an executive control process of task-set reconfiguration, particularly in studies involving the explicit task-cuing procedure. The authors propose an alternative account of explicitly cued performance that is based on 2 mechanisms: priming of cue encoding from residual activation of cues in…
Descriptors: Cues, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory

Morra, Sergio – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2000
Two experiments tested a neo-Piagetian model of verbal short-term memory, comparing it with the articulatory loop model. Findings indicated that the proposed model accounted for effects of M capacity, word length, and presentation modality on short-term memory. The model's fit to the data was acceptable, and parameter estimates were consistent…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Children, Comparative Analysis, Goodness of Fit

Brainerd, C. J.; And Others – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1990
Discussed theories relating forgetting rates and age. Developed a theory and mathematical model for examining storage failure versus retrieval failure, true forgetting versus test-induced processes, and storage- versus retrieval-based reminiscence. A series of experiments studied these factors in children and seniors. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Long Term Memory, Mathematical Models

Dhindsa, H. S.; Anderson, O. R. – Science Education, 1992
This study formulated and tested a mathematical model to predict learning in which the amount of correct information recalled from an audio learning task is a function of the rate of oral communication. (Contains 36 references.) (MDH)
Descriptors: Aural Learning, Classroom Communication, Discourse Analysis, Elementary Secondary Education
Swinton, Spencer S.; And Others – 1977
The longitudinal interrelations among age, visual and auditory short-term memory, and the concrete operational tasks of class inclusion and combinatorial reasoning were investigated over four testing occasions in a sample of 134 students, initially ranging from 5 to 12 years in age. The Piagetian task battery involved placement of colored…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Classification, Cognitive Development, Cognitive Measurement