This paper is written to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the Mathematical Association of America. It deals with a short history of different kinds of natural numbers including triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal and "k"-gonal numbers, and their simple properties and their geometrical representations. Included are Euclid's…

This paper deals with a brief history of the most remarkable Euler numbers "e,"?"i"?and?"?" in mathematical sciences. Included are many properties of the constants "e,"?"i"?and?"?" and their applications in algebra, geometry, physics, chemistry, ecology, business and industry. Special…

Double-entry bookkeeping (DEB) implicitly uses a specific mathematical construction, the group of differences using pairs of unsigned numbers ("T-accounts"). That construction was only formulated abstractly in mathematics in the nineteenth century, even though DEB had been used in the business world for over five centuries. Yet the…

In this article, we examine the use of a new binary integer programming (BIP) model to detect arbitrage opportunities in currency exchanges. This model showcases an excellent application of mathematics to the real world. The concepts involved are easily accessible to undergraduate students with basic knowledge in Operations Research. Through this…

European cooperation is a relevant subject that contributes to building a competitive network of high education institutions. A case of teacher mobility on behalf of the Erasmus programme is presented: it considers some Operations Research topics and the development of the Lego on My Decision module. The module considers eight lecture hours in…

Describes a pattern which emerged from an examination of the digits of the squares of numbers. Provides eight examples having the pattern at the units or tens digit of the number. (YP)

A method of identification of pigs used by farmers is described as an application of a base three numeration system. (MP)

Modular arithmetic is used to find the frequency of Friday 13th's in any year. (MM)

Discusses figurate number learning activities using patterns and manipulative models. Provides examples of square numbers, triangular numbers, pentagonal numbers, hexagonal numbers, and oblong numbers. (YP)

Four elementary mathematical games and three parodies of Poe's "The Raven" are presented. (BB)

Describes examples of rational representation as a guide for translating terminology and information encountered in manuals for computers. Discusses four limitations of the representation. (YP)

Describes properties of Fibonacci numbers, including the law of recurrence and relationship with the Golden Ratio. Discussed are some applications of the numbers to sewage of towns on a river bank, resistances in electric circuits, and leafy stems in botany. Lists four references. (YP)

Presents examples of 3-by-3 and 4-by-4 magic squares. Proves that the numbers 1 to 10 can not be fitted to the intersections of a pentagram and that the sum of the 4 numbers on each line is always 22. (YP)

The second of four quins intended to develop computational skills with non-negative rational numbers through applications to business and industry, this guidebook on minimum course content is designed for the student who has acquired basic computational skills with non-negative rational numbers. Overall course goals are specified, a course outline…

The fourth of four quins intended to develop computational skills with non-negative rational numbers through applications to business and industry, this guidebook on minimum course content is designed for the student who has acquired basic computational skills with non-negative rational numbers. Topics include ratio, proportion, and percentage…