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Stapleton, Laura M.; Kang, Yoonjeong – Sociological Methods & Research, 2018
This research empirically evaluates data sets from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) for design effects of ignoring the sampling design in weighted two-level analyses. Currently, researchers may ignore the sampling design beyond the levels that they model which might result in incorrect inferences regarding hypotheses due to…
Descriptors: Probability, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Sampling, Inferences
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Desimone, Laura; Smith, Thomas M.; Phillips, Kristie J. R. – Teachers College Record, 2013
Background/Context: Most reforms in elementary education rely on teacher learning and improved instruction to increase student learning. This study increases our understanding of which types of professional development effectively change teaching practice in ways that boost student achievement. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:…
Descriptors: Faculty Development, Academic Achievement, Longitudinal Studies, Mathematics Instruction