One hundred seventy-six seventh grade students underwent a recorded interview where each was given a set of computational exercises and asked to say aloud his thinking as he worked them. The most frequently used strategies in computations with whole numbers and fractions are described in detail, an analysis of the nature of wrong answers is…

The purpose of this project was to determine if the method of subtraction of integers taught to seventh grade students affected their mathematics achievement or retention. Computation, concept, and problem-solving sections of the California Achievement Test were given as pretests and posttests. An investigator-constructed test of the addition and…