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Knights, George – Mathematics Teaching, 1973
Different methods of subtracting are described; the equal additions and the decomposition methods are discussed in detail. (DT)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction, Mathematics Education
Wiles, Clyde A.; And Others – 1972
Two sequences of activities were developed to provide instruction on the algorithms for addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers. In the integrated sequence (I) the mechanics of "carrying" and "borrowing" were treated as a single process "regrouping." In the sequential treatment (S) the addition algorithm was developed before the subtraction…
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Arithmetic, Curriculum
Wiles, Clyde A.; And Others – 1972
Two sequences of activities were developed to provide instruction on the algorithms for addition and subtraction of two-digit numbers. In the integrated sequence (I) the mechanics of "carrying" and "borrowing" were treated as a single process "regrouping." In the sequential treatment (S) the addition algorithm was developed before the subtraction…
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Arithmetic, Curriculum

Ross, Susan C.; Pratt-Cotter, Mary – School Science and Mathematics, 1999
Reviews the historical use of each of the three algorithms used for subtraction in the United States: (1) the equal additions; (2) the decomposition; and (3) the Austrian method. Discusses the modification to the decomposition algorithm and gives a brief overview of the current status of subtraction algorithms. Contains 12 references. (Author/ASK)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary Secondary Education, Mathematics Education, Mathematics History

Holmes, P. – Mathematics in School, 1973
Four algorithms for subtraction are described: borrow and pay back,'' equal additiions, shopkeepers' subtraction,'' and decomposition. (DT)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction, Mathematics Education

Cleminson, Robert A. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1973
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction, Mathematics Education

Ross, Susan; Pratt-Cotter, Mary – Mathematics Educator, 1997
Reviews the historical development of subtraction algorithms used in the United States. Indicates that the algorithms used to teach subtraction have not changed much in the last 40 years, but in the late 1800s and early 1900s, different algorithms were developed that had a great impact. Contains 22 references. (DDR)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Concept Formation, Elementary Education

Arsenault, Cathy; Lemoyne, Gisele – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2000
Analyzes a didactical sequence for the teaching of addition and subtraction procedures and algorithms. Uses didactical procedures by children in problem solving activities in order to gain a better understanding of the interaction between numbers, numeration, and operations knowledge which are involved in the construction of addition and…
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Elementary Education, Grade 2

Brinkworth, Peter – Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 1998
Compares methods of subtraction used by children and teachers. Suggests ways to encourage children to invent their own subtraction algorithms. (CCM)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Elementary Education, Foreign Countries

Schwartzman, Steven – Arithmetic Teacher, 1975
A subtraction algorithm for numbers having several digits is described. The algorithm requires that, for digits in the same place, the smaller is always subtracted from the larger. (SD)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Basic Skills, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics
Davies, H. B. – Mathematics Teaching, 1978
Described is a case in which a young student stumbles upon the "integer" technique for subtraction which differs from the techniques of decomposition and equal addition. (MN)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Elementary Education, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction

Wiles, Clyde A.; And Others – Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 1973
Second-grade students were randomly assigned to either an instructional unit within which addition and subtraction of two digit numbers were treated as a single integrated process of regrouping or one which developed the addition and subtractive algorithms sequentially. Periodic assessments favored the sequential approach, but differences were not…
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction

Selter, Christoph – Educational Studies in Mathematics, 2001
Describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked on six addition and six subtraction problems with three-digit numbers. (Author/MM)
Descriptors: Addition, Algorithms, Arithmetic, Cognitive Processes

Kessler, Bernard M. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1971
Descriptors: Algorithms, Discovery Learning, Induction, Learning

Hamilton, E. W. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1971
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Elementary School Mathematics, Instruction