The Relative Effectiveness of a Symbolic and a Concrete Model in Learning a Selected Mathematical Principle.

Fennema, Elizabeth H.

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Peer reviewed

ERIC Number: EJ067206

Record Type: CIJE

Publication Date: 1972

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The Relative Effectiveness of a Symbolic and a Concrete Model in Learning a Selected Mathematical Principle

Fennema, Elizabeth H.

Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 3, 4, 233-238, Nov 72

A concrete and a symbolic approach to learning multiplication in the second grade are studied. The results, indicating that children using the symbolic model performed at a higher level than those using a concrete model, are discussed. (DT)

Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Experiential Learning, Instruction, Learning, Manipulative Materials, Mathematical Models, Mathematics Education, Multiplication, Research, Symbolic Learning

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