Determining evidence-based practices helps guide educators on how to teach. In this study, researchers replicated, updated, and extended the review of the literature on mathematics interventions for students with MID by Hord and Bouck (2012). The researchers determined the current state of the literature on academic mathematics interventions for…

In this article, the authors focus on five instructional approaches with a strong evidence base for the teaching and learning of math: (a) plan, model, and practice: systematic and explicit instruction; (b) focus on the language of math; (c) use multiple representations, including number lines; (d) build fluency; and (e) provide word problem…

Providing mathematics instruction and supporting students with mathematics difficulties, including students with disabilities, at risk for disabilities, or those who struggle with the content, is important and interventions must be designed to occur face-to-face or virtually. Despite limited research on providing mathematical interventions online…

The ideas of computational thinking (CT) and computer science (CS) are increasingly being integrated into K-12 education. Yet, insufficient attention exists regarding access and exposure of CT and CS for students with disabilities. In this Technology in Action, the authors sought to present an argument--as well as actual activities--for teachers…

Virtual manipulatives are increasingly being used to support students with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual and developmental disability (ASD/IDD), in mathematics. However, to date, virtual manipulatives have not been examined or classified as an evidence-based practice for students with ASD/IDD, despite classifications of virtual…

Student fluency in mathematics is important, as fluency supports mathematics proficiency and achievement. While fluency can be supported with flashcards and worksheets, it can be supported by games. In this exploratory study, researchers examined the relationship between students' fluency on addition with regrouping problems and playing a virtual…

Researchers established virtual manipulatives as an evidence-based practice for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). However, much of the existing research for this population targets middle school students with IDD. This study examined a virtual number line paired with teacher modeling and the system of least prompts…

Number talks are increasingly used in general education mathematics classes to engage students. Yet despite the potential benefits, number talks are given limited attention for students with high-incidence disabilities in special education settings. This article presents special education teachers with both the why and, more important, the how for…

Algebra is considered by many to be a gateway to higher-level mathematics and eventual economic success yet students with and without disabilities often struggle to develop algebra skills. This study builds on the limited understanding of how virtual manipulatives support students with disabilities in the area of algebra by investigating their use…

Manipulatives are an effective mathematical tool to support students with disabilities in the area of mathematics. Yet, there remain inconsistencies in terms of which type -- concrete or virtual -- is more effective for students with disabilities working on algebra related content and which type is preferred by students. The researchers used an…

Fractions are an important mathematical concept for both more advanced mathematical concepts and daily living activities (e.g., cooking) and thus are important for all students to learn. In this study, researchers explored the use of the virtual-abstract (VA) instructional sequence to teach three middle school students with disabilities three…

To live independently, it is critical that students with disabilities maintain the basic mathematical skills they have acquired so they may apply these skills in daily life. To support maintenance of mathematical skills among students with developmental disabilities, the researchers used a multiple probe across participants design to examine the…

The virtual-representational-abstract (VRA) instructional sequence presents as a viable mathematics intervention for students with disabilities, including students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, to date, all research has been conducted face-to-face with students. However, virtual manipulatives provide an opportunity for educators to…

Manipulative-based instructional sequences--including both concrete and virtual manipulative instructional sequences--are evidence-based or research-based mathematical interventions for students with disabilities. However, as options for manipulative-based instructional sequences increase, educators need support in deciding the best approach. In…

A large number of students with and without disabilities--including students at-risk--are currently learning online through synchronous and/or asynchronous instruction. As such, it is important for educators to be equipped with evidence-based practices--or at the minimum research-based practices--that can be adapted or modified to teach students…