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Coggins, Porter E., III; Glatzer, Tim – PRIMUS, 2020
We present an algorithm for a matrix-based Enigma-type encoder based on a variation of the Hill Cipher as an application of 2 × 2 matrices. In particular, students will use vector addition and 2 × 2 matrix multiplication by column vectors to simulate a matrix version of the German Enigma Encoding Machine as a basic example of cryptography. The…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Matrices, Technology, Addition
Dobbs, David E. – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2017
Let R be a ring with identity. Then {0} and R are the only additive subgroups of R if and only if R is isomorphic (as a ring with identity) to (exactly) one of {0}, Z/pZ for a prime number p. Also, each additive subgroup of R is a one-sided ideal of R if and only if R is isomorphic to (exactly) one of {0}, Z, Z/nZ for an integer n = 2. This note…
Descriptors: Numbers, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematics, Algebra
Vig, Rozy; Murray, Eileen; Star, Jon R. – Educational Psychology Review, 2014
Current curriculum initiatives (e.g., National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers 2010) advocate that models be used in the mathematics classroom. However, despite their apparent promise, there comes a point when models break, a point in the mathematical problem space where the model cannot,…
Descriptors: Mathematical Models, Mathematics Instruction, Numbers, Subtraction
Owuba, Asiedu Lloyd; Amanyi, Churcher Kwesi – African Educational Research Journal, 2016
The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was any significant difference in speed, accuracy, retention and transferability between the Decomposition (DEC) and the Base-Complement Additions (BCA) algorithms for performing compound subtraction in non-decimal bases. Fifty-nine students with a mean age of approximately 15 years from two…
Descriptors: Subtraction, Addition, Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction
Whitacre, Ian – Cognition and Instruction, 2018
I present a viable learning trajectory for prospective elementary teachers' number sense development with a focus on whole-number place value, addition, and subtraction. I document a chronology of classroom mathematical practices in a Number and Operations course. The findings provide insights into prospective elementary teachers' number sense…
Descriptors: Preservice Teachers, Elementary School Teachers, Mathematics Activities, Mathematics
Whitacre, Ian; Rumsey, Chepina – Cognition and Instruction, 2018
This article contributes to the research literature concerning prospective elementary teachers' mathematical thinking and learning with a focus on flexibility. We present a case study of a prospective elementary teachers' development of flexibility in mental addition and subtraction during a Number and Operations course. Building upon the…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Social Influences, Preservice Teachers, Elementary Education
Spüler, Martin; Walter, Carina; Rosenstiel, Wolfgang; Gerjets, Peter; Moeller, Korbinian; Klein, Elise – ZDM: The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 2016
Numeracy is a key competency for living in our modern knowledge society. Therefore, it is essential to support numerical learning from basic to more advanced competency levels. From educational psychology it is known that learning is most effective when the respective content is neither too easy nor too demanding in relation to learners'…
Descriptors: Numeracy, Mathematics, Medicine, Cognitive Processes
Khosroshahi, Leyla G.; Asghari, Amir H. – Australian Primary Mathematics Classroom, 2016
There is a call for enabling students to use a range of efficient mental and written strategies when solving addition and subtraction problems. To do so, students should recognise numerical structures and be able to change a problem to an equivalent problem. The purpose of this article is to suggest an activity to facilitate such understanding in…
Descriptors: Arithmetic, Addition, Subtraction, Problem Solving
Edwards, Michael Todd; Quinlan, James; Strayer, Jeremy F. – Teaching Children Mathematics, 2016
During the past few years, several of the authors have incorporated student problem posing as a regular instructional feature in their classrooms. When they offer their students the opportunity to construct their own problems, particularly during the course of an entire school year, they create many novel tasks. Student-created tasks not only…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Addition
Nanna, Robert J. – The Mathematics Educator, 2016
Algorithms and representations have been an important aspect of the work of mathematics, especially for understanding concepts and communicating ideas about concepts and mathematical relationships. They have played a key role in various mathematics standards documents, including the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics. However, there have…
Descriptors: Mathematics, Common Core State Standards, Mathematics Instruction, Mathematical Concepts
Sci, Eve; Kircher, Kristen Sendrowski; Shook, Heather – Teaching Children Mathematics, 2016
A team of teachers from the same New York City public school met to discuss and compare the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) to their current math curriculum. The group consisted of four kindergarten teachers, a representative from the first-grade teaching team, and the school's math coach. During the first meeting, the…
Descriptors: Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Kindergarten, Young Children
Deliyianni, Eleni; Gagatsis, Athanasios; Elia, Iliada; Panaoura, Areti – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2016
The aim of this study was to propose and validate a structural model in fraction and decimal number addition, which is founded primarily on a synthesis of major theoretical approaches in the field of representations in Mathematics and also on previous research on the learning of fractions and decimals. The study was conducted among 1,701 primary…
Descriptors: Fractions, Problem Solving, Arithmetic, Numbers
Kleemans, Tijs; Segers, Eliane; Verhoeven, Ludo – Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 2013
The present study examined the relations between home numeracy experiences (i.e., parent-child numeracy activities and parents' numeracy expectations) and basic calculation skills (i.e., addition and subtraction) of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and their peers with Normal Language Achievement (NLA), while taking into account…
Descriptors: Subtraction, Parents, Linguistics, Language Impairments
Li, Hui-Chuan – International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 2014
This study examines students' procedural and conceptual achievement in fraction addition in England and Taiwan. A total of 1209 participants (561 British students and 648 Taiwanese students) at ages 12 and 13 were recruited from England and Taiwan to take part in the study. A quantitative design by means of a self-designed written test is adopted…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Addition, Mathematics Instruction, Foreign Countries
Fritz-Stratmann, Annemarie; Ehlert, Antje; Klüsener, Gabriele – South African Journal of Childhood Education, 2014
This paper argues for teaching pre-service teachers about remediation strategies for learners who encounter problems in mathematics in the early grades. The premise is that all teachers should be equipped with theory-based practical knowledge to support learning. A few teaching sessions to develop the concepts that underlie the mathematical…
Descriptors: Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Teaching Methods, Mathematical Concepts