In this study, we examine "what went wrong" in our professional development program for encouraging cognitively demanding instruction, focusing on the difficulties we encountered in using an observational tool for evaluating this type of instruction and reaching inter-rater reliability. We do so through the lens of a discursive theory of…

This study investigates the challenges faced by second-year undergraduate engineering students in understanding Stokes' theorem in vector calculus, focusing on the misconceptions found in interconnected concepts that form its foundation. Stokes' theorem involves the application of line integrals, surface integrals, the curl of a vector field, and…

This study looked at the effectiveness of differentiated learning in enhancing students' mathematical outcomes by incorporating varied content, processes, and products. Employing a mixed-methods experimental design, the research hypothesized that differentiated instruction significantly influences students' performance in mathematics exams. The…

The variational thinking of high school students based on mathematical connections was analyzed through a laboratory on linear functions. This qualitative research based on design was developed in three phases: diagnostic test, implementation of the mathematics laboratory and final test, with students from a public institution in Barranquilla,…

A one-degree angle would certainly be difficult to draw accurately, especially without the aid of other tools like a protractor. However, mentally making a one-degree angle in visualized imagination is not only possible, but it is important for students' emergent understandings of angular measure. When students begin learning about length,…

The making of mathematical connections in the classroom plays a dual role. While many studies highlight the importance of connections for the learning of mathematics, others inform of students' difficulties associated with the making of connections. This study aims to characterise the mathematical connections that arise in habitual classroom…

Although student covariation reasoning has been explored in depth to improve understanding of the correspondence between variables, research has focused on studying existing reasoning about variables in Cartesian representations. The working method had a qualitative approach, with a descriptive exploratory scope, the spontaneous representations…

Real-world mathematical problem (RWMP) solving and posing are important aspects of teaching and learning mathematical modelling, as well as developing a mathematization disposition for both teachers and students. Several researchers have explored blockages or difficulties in such modelling processes and in problem posing. However, prior research…

This study aimed to understand the role of load reduction instruction (LRI), a framework of instructional strategies designed to reduce cognitive load, and its association with motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes in mathematics. We examined data from 221 students from 39 classrooms and tested a hypothesised longitudinal multilevel model.…

The anthropological theory of didactics (ATD) provides a lens to view mathematics education by placing mathematical practices within socio-cultural and historical contexts. The significance of institutions, in what regards with educational establishments, societal structures, cultural norms, and historical contexts, influences the perception and…

This study extends prior research by manipulating both intervention and skill difficulty using a multiple baseline across participants design with changing phases in a virtual tutoring environment. Participants were four U.S. students from third and fifth grades for whom appropriate and challenging instructional targets were selected following…

This book argues that mathematical challenge can be found at any level and at every age and constitutes an essential characteristic of any mathematics classroom aimed at developing the students' mathematical knowledge and skills. Since each mathematics classroom is heterogeneous with respect to students' mathematical potential, quality…

Every educator knows the sinking feeling of a lesson gone wrong. As teachers look around the room and realize that many of their students are just not getting it, they often feel like failures. However, the struggle students experience as they persevere through high-quality challenging tasks is not a sign of failure, but rather a key aspect of…

The research reported in this paper analyses teaching dilemmas experienced by four in-service teachers in the context of a reform-oriented teaching approach for primary mathematics called Developmental Education in Mathematics (DEM). The findings exemplify three teaching dilemmas: Whether to tell students how to solve a challenging task; what to…

Background and Context: Integrating computer science (CS) and math in classrooms is an increasingly recognized way for schools to address national CS mandates. There is a need to understand how professional development (PD) can support teachers to integrate. Objective: We examined math teachers' interest, and confidence, in math, CS, and student…