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Pearson, Eleanor S. – Arithmetic Teacher, 1986
Computational algorithms from American textbooks copyrighted prior to 1900 are presented--some that convey the concept, some just for special cases, and some just for fun. Algorithms for each operation with whole numbers are presented and analyzed. (MNS)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Computation, Division, Elementary Education

Randolph, Tamela D.; Sherman, Helene J. – Teaching Children Mathematics, 2001
Presents several alternatives to customary algorithms for whole number arithmetic. Includes a brief history of each algorithm and discusses why each might be useful for particular kinds of children. (KHR)
Descriptors: Algorithms, Arithmetic, Elementary Education, Learning Strategies
Gilpin, John B. – 1980
This document is intended as a resource for persons using, designing, or evaluating instructional materials in whole number subtraction. Its purpose is to provide conceptual machinery: (1) for describing/specifying subtraction tests and exercises and (2) for formulating related questions and conjectures. It is mainly a logical analysis subject to…
Descriptors: Algorithms, Cognitive Processes, Computation, Elementary Education