The term measurement has been used in a number of different sub-areas of psychology without an explicit recognition of the commonalities and potential differences in measurement characteristics. Analysis of these measurement situations reveals that the one common factor is that a mechanism or discriminative process, that is a standard system of…

The findings in Volume I of the Committee on Ability Testing's report (see ED 213 770 and ED 213 771) are shown to be ambiguous regarding the meaning of ability, vague regarding test validity, and ingenuous regarding test uses and misuse. The neglect of the basic question of what tests measure is noted. (CM)

Revised version of the 1973 presidential address to the American Educational Research Association. (RJ)

This review of research conducted on sex differences attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Do the sexes differ in their basic capacities for specific types of mental performance and occupational achievement? (2) If such differences exist, to what extent are they genetically determined? (3) Are sex differences in abilities, interests, and…