Topic models are mathematical and statistical models used to analyze textual data. The objective of topic models is to gain information about the latent semantic space of a set of related textual data. The semantic space of a set of textual data contains the relationship between documents and words and how they are used. Topic models are becoming…

The objective of this research was to better understand the transfer of learning between different variations of pre-algebra problems. While the authors could have addressed a specific variation that might address transfer, they were interested in developing a general model of transfer, so we gathered data from multiple problem types and their…

Various models have been proposed for analyzing dichotomous test or questionnaire items which were constructed to reflect an assumed underlying structure (e.g., hierarchical). This paper shows that many such models are special cases of latent class analysis and discusses a currently available computer program to analyze them. (Author/JKS)

The Rasch model and other latent trait models encounter some difficulty when faced with an appreciable amount of missing data or omitting behavior. The present note assumes that some reasonable missing data model has been formulated which does not involve the parameters associated with the latent ability of interest. A maximum likelihood function…

With the ordering-theoretic method of item hierarchy construction any array of bivalued item data can be analyzed to determine the item hierarchy structure. (Authors)

When the parameters of item response data are estimated by a latent trait model, some variation will remain unaccounted. If baseline graphical configurations of the residual variation can be constructed, measurement irregularities may be exposed. An analytic strategy for the graphical representation and analysis of Rasch model residuals is…

The Rasch model is generalized to a multicomponent model, so that observations of component events are not needed to apply the model. It is shown that the generalized model maintains the property of specific objectivity of the Rasch model. An application to a mathematics test is provided. (Author/JKS)

The validity of an evaluation model for mastery testing applications was investigated. Three variables were tested in an experiment using 96 third grade subjects--amount of training, number of alternates in an item, and number of items. The concept hierarchy involved an orderly progression from a concept involving one relevant of three varying…

A properly chosen test model defines the kind of dependence of the observable behavior on underlying abilities of the persons tested in the form of a data-adequate theory. The limitations and potential of several test models are detailed; and they are critically compared as an aspect of empirical evaluation. (Author/MV)

Study compares the Rasch and the Guttman models of measurement and thus adds to the description of the characteristics of Rasch's logistic model. Such knowledge is of importance in making decisions as to which model and which statistics should be used in evaluations of tests. (Author/CB)

Significant to a latent trait or item response theory analysis of a mental test is the determination of exactly what is being quantified. The following are practical problems to be considered in the formulation of a good theory: (1) deciding whether two tests measure the same trait or traits; (2) analyzing the relative contributions of a pair of…

Many combinations of a method and an approach for estimating the operating characteristics of the graded item responses, without assuming any mathematical forms, have been produced. In these methods, a set of items whose characteristics are known, or Old Test, is used, which has a large, constant amount of test information throughout the interval…

The Rasch model of test theory is described in general terms, compared with latent trait theory, and shown to have interesting applications for the measurement of affective as well as cognitive traits. Three assumption of the Rasch model are stated to support the conclusion that calibration of the items and tests is independent of the examinee…

The National Board of Medical Examiners uses the Rasch model to calibrate test items, maintain item banks, equate scores, and monitor the consistency of examiner item response patterns. The model is also being used in the study of patient management problems examinations, standard-setting, and computer-based examinations. (Author/BS)

Procedures are presented for equating simultaneously several tests which have been calibrated by the Rasch Model. Three multiple test equating designs are described. A Full Matrix Design equates each test to all others. A Chain Design links tests sequentially. A Vector Design equates one test to each of the other tests. For each design, the Rasch…