Three principal uses of composite variables in the Title I Evaluation and Reporting System (TIERS) are examined in light of four basic methodological issues: (1) the criterion used in constructing the composite; (2) the likely reliability of both component and criterion variables; (3) the form of the relationship between components and criterion;…

Confidence testing has been used in varying forms over the past 40 years as a method for increasing the amount of information available from objective test items. This paper traces the development of the procedure from Hevner's beginning method up to the various methods in use today and describes both the testing procedures and scoring methods…