Procedures for establishing standards and determining the number of items needed in criterion referenced measures were reviewed. Discussion of setting a passing score was organized around: performance of others, item content, educational consequences, psychological and financial costs, and error due to guessing and item sampling. (Author)

A multiple-answer multiple-choice test is one which offers several alternate choices for each stem and any number of those choices may be considered to be correct. In this article, a class of scoring procedures called the binary class is discussed. (Author/JKS)

Paper is concerned with the effect that ipsative scoring has upon a commonly used index of between-subtest correlation. (Author)

In this paper, an attempt has been made to synthesize some of the current thinking in the area of criterion-referenced testing as well as to provide the beginning of an integration of theory and method for such testing. Since criterion-referenced testing is viewed from a decision-theoretic point of view, approaches to reliability and validity…

This handbook presents instructions for implementing a confidence testing program in technical training situations, identification of possible areas of application, techniques for evaluating confidence information, advantages and disadvantages of confidence testing, time considerations, and problem areas. Complete instructions for "Pick-One" and…

The benefits of using essay tests rather than objective tests in professional education programs are discussed. Essay tests offer practice in writing, creativity and formal communications. Guidelines for using and scoring a sample essay test in biology are presented. (BH)

The method of using person vectors in regression analysis to test repeated measures hypotheses or questions is discussed. These hypotheses involve designs with pre and post scores with one group and with multiple groups. Based on these analyses with person vectors, there are two major focuses of the paper: a proposed solution to the problem of…

A student's choice of an answer to a test question is a coarse measure of his knowledge about the subject matter of the question. Much finer measurement might be achieved if the student were asked to estimate, for each possible answer, the probability that it is the correct one. Such a procedure could yield two classes of benefits: (a) students…

A central problem for the user of domain-referenced tests in instruction is deciding who has passed and who has failed. Two procedures were presented and discussed. The first, employing classical test theory, was found to be more useful for larger domains and where the passing standard is 70 percent or less. The sampling procedure suggested by…

This manual describes the Learning Accomplishment Profile (LAP), a check list, and tells how it is administered, scored, and used to evaluate children's skill development and rate of development. The items were drawn from a number of well-known assessment tools, and measure skills appropriate for normal children aged 1-6 and handicapped children.…