Examines work of the past decade that has elucidated the place, function, and nature of science in American medicine and on the need and means to develop a more ample and balanced history of the meanings of that science. (JN)

Education in the homeopathic schools of medicine is under the direct guidance of the American Institute of Homeopathy, and the requirements of the American Federation of State Medical Examiners Boards are fulfilled in all details, so that graduates may comply with the requirements of all the States and Territorial possessions. There were 45 more…

Focuses on women who practiced and wrote about medicine in nineteenth-century United States. Argues that the writing of women scientists complicates present understanding of the relations of gender, science, and writing as it presents in the discourse of medicine a variety of gendered positions rather than a univocal performance of patriarchal…

A comprehensive history of physiology in America can be obtained from the records of physiology departments. This supplement to "The Physiologist" contains departmental histories of nine institutions. Featured are the physiology departments at: (1) State University of New York at Buffalo: 1846-1986; (2) University of California at Berkeley; (3)…

Traces the development of basic radiation physics that underlies much of today's medical physics and looks separately at the historical development of two major subfields of medical physics: radiation therapy and nuclear medicine. Indicates that radiation physics has made important contributions to solving biomedical problems in medical…

Until the eighteenth century, doctors were reluctant to use chemicals to alleviate pain because they accepted the religious/moral beliefs of their day, claiming that pain was beneficial for the body. Traces technical developments in the control of pain, discussing relationships of anesthesia to social, cultural, and scientific factors and…

Analyzes two ancient Egyptian technical texts, the Edwin Smith Surgery Manual and the Ebers Manual, to identify complex rhetorical dynamics that present or encourage substantive reformulation of medical practice and thinking within a strongly conservative, authoritarian culture. Shows how the ancient Egyptian rhetorical forms allow for challenges…

The idea that social problems were caused by people who were genetically unfit, that such people were readily identified, and that they should not be permitted to reproduce was an important part of discussions about mental deficiency in the period from 1900-1940. Mention is made of the papers which follow. (IS)

American pharmacy practice education, it is suggested, has been strongly influenced by its identity with the university and efforts to fullfill the philosophical goals of higher education. The transition from technological skill development to science education was a reaction to the universities' expectations. (Author/MLW)

Suggests ways for researchers in recent technical communication studies of historical medical texts to overcome specific problems. Discusses five steps for conducting sound historical research within the context of related fields of inquiry. (NH)

Created in 1552 as a gift for Spain's king, the Badianus Manuscript is a repository of Aztec traditional medicinal knowledge and contains the earliest surviving illustrations of New World plants. At the College of Santa Cruz (Mexico City) for Aztec nobility, an Aztec healer who became the college physician compiled plant descriptions and medicinal…

Discusses the wave of cocaine abuse that followed the drug's recommendation by the late nineteenth-century medical community as a cure all. Details drug addiction among ethnic and social groups at the turn of the century. Warns that drug epidemics have important social and legal consequences. Suggests legal pressure may alter the form of drug…

Describes the basic concept of American Indian religion after briefly comparing fundamental religious concepts of several civilizations. Discusses the historical and current roles of medicine men, the belief in supernatural forces, the effect of missionary zeal on American Indian religions, and the appearance of Christian elements in traditional…

Any real understanding of where we stand scientifically today and where we are headed depends to a great extent on an awareness of how we reached those scientific achievements. The increased impact of science and technology on our lives makes such an understanding even more important. For this reason, this book is intended to provide information…

Notes that American Indian achievements are overlooked and even specifically denied in the face of overwhelming evidence of their reality. Examines the denials of Indian originality in three specific matters that have been controversial in recent decades: medicine, the manufacture of maple syrup, and the use of fertilizer. (JHZ)